The Solid State:

Solids, unlike liquids and gases, possess a definite shape and volume due to the strong intermolecular forces that bind their particles together. This rigidity makes solids resistant to deformation.

Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid transitions into a liquid is known as its melting point. This transformation occurs when the kinetic energy of the particles overcomes the intermolecular forces holding them in a fixed position. Substances with stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to melt, resulting in higher melting points.

Rigidity: Solids are rigid due to the fixed arrangement of their particles in a lattice structure. This prevents the particles from moving freely, making it difficult to alter the shape or volume of the solid.

Density: Solids generally have higher densities compared to liquids and gases because their particles are packed more closely together. The density of a solid is influenced by its composition and the arrangement of its particles within the lattice structure.